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The 26 cantons of Switzerland ((ドイツ語:Kanton), (フランス語:canton), (イタリア語:cantone), (ロマンシュ語:chantun)) are the member states of the Swiss Confederation. There were eight cantons during 1353–1481, and thirteen cantons during 1513–1798. Each canton was a fully sovereign state with its own border controls, army, and currency from the Treaty of Westphalia (1648) until the establishment of the Swiss federal state in 1848. From 1833, there were 25 cantons, which became 26 after the secession of the Canton of Jura from Bern in 1979. ==Terminology== The term ''canton'', now also used as a French or English term for administrative subdivisions of other countries, originates in the 15th century as specific to Switzerland. It is derived from the Lombard word ''cantone'', from a term meaning "edge, corner", but used to refer to mountain valleys as political territories. Historically, the cantons were referred to in German as ''Stätte'' or later ''Ort'' (plural ''Orte'', meaning "settlement" or "location"), but the word ''Kanton'' has also been in use since the 16th century. The cantons are traditionally also referred to as ''Stand'' (plural '' Stände'', "estate"), ''état'', ''stato'' or ''stadi'' ("state"). This is reflected in the name of the upper chamber of the Swiss Parliament, the Council of States (''Ständerat'', ''Conseil des États''). ; "" Some cantonal constitutions provide for a longer formal name of the state. Most of Romandy's cantons (Geneva, Jura, Neuchâtel, Valais〔(Constitution du Canton du Valais ): "Le Valais est une république démocratique, souveraine () incorporée comme Canton à la Confédération suisse."〕 and Vaud〔(Constitution du canton de Vaud ): "Le Canton de Vaud est une république démocratique (qui ) est l'un des États de la Confédération suisse."〕) and Ticino〔(Constitution de la République et Canton du Tessin ): "Le Canton du Tessin est une république démocratique (qui ) est membre de la Confédération suisse et sa souveraineté n'est limitée que par la constitution fédérale."〕 call themselves "republics" officially, at least within their constitutions. For example, the Canton of Geneva refers to itself formally as the ''République et canton de Genève'' ("Republic and Canton of Geneva"). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Cantons of Switzerland」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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